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How To Convert Used Makeup Into Energy

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Cosmetic Electrotherapy micro-current machine together with a selection of electrodes, made by Silver Fox (China)

"Galvanism" Electrodes touch a frog, and the legs twitch into the upward position[1]

Cosmetic electrotherapy is a range of beauty treatments that uses depression electric currents passed through the peel to produce several therapeutic effects[2] such as musculus toning in the body[3] : 226 and micro-lifting of the face up.[4] It is based on electrotherapy, which has been researched and accepted in the field of rehabilitation,[five] though the "scientific and medical communities accept tended to sideline or dismiss the use of electrotherapy for healthy muscles".[6]

The apply of electricity in cosmetics goes dorsum to the cease of the 19th century,[vii] [eight] almost a hundred years later Luigi Galvani discovered that electricity can make the musculus in a frog's leg twitch[ix] (see galvanism). Subsequent inquiry in electrophysiology has been carried out past people such as Robert O. Becker, Dr Björn Nordenström,[ten] a former chair of the Nobel Selection Committee for Medicine, and Dr Thomas Wing,[11] [12] who invented some of the first micro-current devices.

Treatments [edit]

1909 cosmetic electrotherapy advertizement reads: The White Cross Electric Vibrator [..] gives y'all your choice of Vibration, Faradic and Galvanic Electricity [..] tones upward your nerves and muscles"[13]

There are 4 primary types of treatment, that differ in the blazon of current they employ (see Comparison table, beneath), including:

  1. Galvanic treatment
  2. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) (also known as Faradic handling)
  3. Micro-electric current electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS)[14]
  4. High-frequency handling

Galvanic treatment [edit]

Galvanic treatment in the beauty manufacture has been described since at to the lowest degree the 1970s[15] and earlier.[13] Sometimes called galvanism, the treatment aims to improve the skin in two ways: (1) cleansing: a procedure called desincrustation, and (ii) nourishing the skin condition, through an electro-chemical process[sixteen] called iontophoresis [17] (likewise called ionisation).[18] This is achieved past the awarding of a small, abiding, direct electric current.[19] The treatment works on the principle that charged ions in the pare are either attracted or repelled from the electrodes, resulting in certain chemical effects.[20]

"Galvanism works by penetrating active substances into the subcutaneous tissues, where they human action on the ineffective circulation to bring about an improvement in the vascular and lymphatic interchange in the area. This is completed in a natural and harmless way, and is aided by the actual issue of the galvanic current on the tissues. This improves the role of the cellular membrane, and allows the trapped fluid and fat to exist dispersed and eliminated."[21]

Galvanic handling are oftentimes used on the face up (facial galvanic treatment) and on the trunk to treat cellulite (galvanic cellulite treatments).[22]

Faradic treatment [edit]

Faradic handling has also been described in the beauty industry since the 1970s[fifteen] and earlier.[thirteen] The treatment tones the muscles by repeatedly contracting them with the electric electric current, resulting in their firming and toning, and an increase in muscular metabolism aims to remove waste material products more readily.[23] Faradic treatments are more often than not used on the face and trunk, and piece of work by contracting muscles with a short pulse of interrupted direct current.[24]

The treatment is also called neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES),[25] and some of the manufactures who produce the equipment use their own terms, for example, Slendertone calls information technology electronic muscle stimulation,[26] or the handling is called later the name of the manufacturer, such every bit Ultratone or Slim Principal.[3] : 264

Microcurrent treatment [edit]

Microcurrent treatments (MENS) have been around since the 1970s in medical applications and are distinguished past their use of micro-ampere currents (i.east. millionths of an amp) which are inappreciably perceptible, but mimic the trunk's own bio-electric currents.[3] : 272 The treatment is designed to soften wrinkles and rejuvenate peel, including pare damaged past sunburn, acne, stretch marks, cellulite and scarring.[12]

This increased ATP also energizes the facial muscles, like to how exercise energizes the muscles of our bodies. Unlike anywhere else on the trunk, the facial muscles are directly connected to the pare, so the effect of energizing the muscle is oft an improved, lifted appearance.[27] When used on the face, the handling has go known as a "non-surgical facelift"[28] and "facial lifting".[3] : 273

Microcurrent treatment works past passing a very small straight current through muscle tissue to stimulate the Golgi tendon organ.[29]

Different microcurrent characteristics, particular the frequency and shape of the irresolute voltage (waveform), accept different effects on the tissue.[3] : 273 [ unreliable source? ]

Different waveforms are used for different micro-electric current treatments

High-frequency treatment [edit]

High-frequency treatment uses low-electric current high-frequency alternate currents, delivered via a glass electrode.[xxx] Drinking glass electrodes are oft filled with either Neon gas which produces pinkish, orangish, or red light or they are filled with Argon or rarefied gas which produces violet light. Because of the color of calorie-free that is produced when electricity is passed through the gas, they are inaccurately called ultraviolet or infra-scarlet, however no UV rays or infra-ruby rays are produced, just visible light. High frequency does current catechumen some of the oxygen in the air surrounding the electrodes into ozone, the handling has a germicidal activity, and is also drying and warming.[31] Consequently, the handling is used to aid healing and also to assistance desquamation (the skin'south natural exfoliation) and stimulate sweat and sebaceous glands.[30] Sparking may occur when the electrode is close to the peel and then pulled abroad repeatedly. Some electrodes may incorporate a metal coil that produces a mechanical vibration, likewise as sparking free energy that can be felt indirectly when held in one persons paw while some other person uses their hands directly on the skin. Considering the effect may exist pleasurable, similar devices are used in erotic electrostimulation.

Treatment and current [edit]

The characteristics of the treatment current include: (a) whether it is (direct or alternating), (b) current frequency, (c) size of the electric current (all very small-scale), and (d) the duration and shape of whatsoever pulses.

Comparison [edit]

Treatment Current blazon Current range Frequency Therapies
Galvanic (galvanism) Direct and constant[three] : 264 milliAmps (mA)[3] : 215 None (constant)[3] : 215 Desincrustation. Iontophoresis[three] : 215
Faradic

Also known as Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), Faradism,[32] Excitomotor electric current (The states),[3] : 235 Electric Muscle Stimulation (Ems)[33]

Alternating current used where current flows in both direction Upward to 80 mA[34] 50–100 Hz[35] Muscle toning[36]
Micro-current Electric Neuromuscular Stimulation (MENS)

Also known as Micro-electrotherapy [37]

Direct
(pulsed)[38] 		300-500μA
(microAmps)[38] 		0.ane–680 Hz[38] [39] Peel-toning[xl]
Softens fine lines
Facial micro-lifting.[4]
Loftier-frequency Alternating[three] : 237–242 </ref> Low[3] : 237–242 </ref> 100,000–250,000 Hz
(100 kHz–250 kHz)[3] : 237–242 </ref> 		Atmospheric condition the peel.
Promotes healing.
Antibacterial.[3] : 237–242 </ref>

Notes

  • Desincrustation – A pare cleansing process that softens and emulsifies hardened follicle sebum.[41]
  • one Amp = 1,000 milliAmps (mA) = one,000,000 microAmps (μA)
  • 1,000 Hz (cycles per second) = 1 kHz

Terminology [edit]

The origins of the terms "galvanic" and "Faradism" are described in the medical journal, The Lancet, in 1851. A note reads:

"We should non omit to state that Dr Duchenne closes a newspaper (Archives, May 1851)[42] on the subject by these words: 'As it will be useful to create a discussion which should exactly point out electricity by induction, as well as its awarding, may information technology not be allowable to use the proper name of the philosopher who has discovered this kind of electricity? Thus, in the same way as 'Galvani' has given his name to the electricity past contact, so can we like-wise give to the electricity by consecration the name of 'Faraday.' This electricity would then be called 'Faradism,' and its awarding 'Faradization.' Such names would establish a articulate distinction between the electricity past contact and that past induction, whilst they, at the same time, render due laurels to a philosopher to whom medical science owes a discovery far more valuable in a therapeutic point of view than that of Galvani.'"[43]

It is noted that:

"Some terms such as galvanic current and faradic stimulation are unique to physiotherapy. Their definitions given in the literature are far from universal.[44] ... The Clinical Electrophysiology Section of the American Physical Therapy Association established a unified terminology for clinical electric currents—that is, (a) direct current (b) alternating current (c) pulsed electric current (Kloth and Cummings, 1991)[45] ... Nevertheless, this terminology does not appear to have been widely adopted and inconsistencies remain in the literature".[46] [47]

Meet also [edit]

  • Bio-electric stimulation therapy (BEST)
  • Electrotherapy – the use of electricity as a medical treatment
  • Electrical musculus stimulation (neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES))
  • Erotic electrostimulation
  • Microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulator (MENS)
  • Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) – the utilise of electric current to stimulate the nerves for therapeutic purposes

References [edit]

  1. ^ David Ames Wells, The science of common things: a familiar explanation of the first principles of concrete scientific discipline. For schools, families, and young students., Publisher Ivison, Phinney, Blakeman, 1859, 323 pages (page 290)
  2. ^ "Introduction, Facial Electric Transmission, The Carlton Institute. 23 pages. (Folio 2)
  3. ^ a b c d e f thousand h i j grand l m n Jane Hiscock; Elaine Stoddart; Jeanine Connor (2004). Beauty Therapy, Level 3. Heinemann. ISBN978-0-435-45640-5. [ unreliable source? ]
  4. ^ a b Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Wellness and dazzler therapy: a applied approach for NVQ level 3, Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN 0-7487-9035-7, ISBN 978-0-7487-9035-7. 420 pages (folio 109)
  5. ^ Robinson AJ, Snyder-Mackler, L. Clinical electrophysiology: electrotherapy and electrophysiologic testing 3rd ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2008;151-196, 198-237, 239-274
  6. ^ Kristin Schaefer Centofanti, "Electric Stimulation for Health, Beauty, Fitness, Sports Grooming and Rehabilitation", Advances in Muscle Research, 2008, Volume 4 (Application of Muscle/Nerve Stimulation in Health and Disease), 69-116. (page 69)
  7. ^ See for example: "Dr Hardaway has remarked the wide usefulness of electrolysis in cosmetic manipulations." in The Medical Times and Register, Volume 16, (Author: Horatio Charles Wood), Publisher The Medical Publishing Visitor, 1886 (90)
  8. ^ In the handling of scars (cicatrix): ".. electro-galvanic currents ought to remove cicatrical tissue of the skin, and thus prove of incalculable value as a cosmetic" in Eclectic medical journal, Volume 45, Ohio State Eclectic Medical Association, Published 1885, (page 99)
  9. ^ Thomas Thomson, An outline of the sciences of oestrus and electricity, Publisher Baldwin & Cradock, 1830. "Affiliate Seven: Of Electricity by Contact" (page 489)
  10. ^ Marker Woodhouse, Paradigm Wars: Worldviews for a New Age, Publisher Frog Books, 1996, ISBN 1-883319-42-0, ISBN 978-one-883319-42-7, 648 pages (page 192)
  11. ^ Deborah Powell, MicroCurrent for Horses (and other vital therapies you should know, Publisher Matrix Therapy Products, ISBN 0-9790774-0-0, ISBN 978-0-9790774-0-1 (page 15)
  12. ^ a b Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and beauty therapy: a applied approach for NVQ level 3, Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN 0-7487-9035-vii, ISBN 978-0-7487-9035-7, 420 pages (page 108)
  13. ^ a b c Popular Mechanics, Feb 1909, (page 153)
  14. ^ Susan Cressy, The dazzler therapy fact file, Edition four, Publisher Heinemann, 2004, ISBN 0-435-45142-1, ISBN 978-0-435-45142-4, 469 pages. (page 160)
  15. ^ a b Ann Gallant, Torso treatments and dietetics for the beauty therapist, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 1978, ISBN 0-85950-401-8, ISBN 978-0-85950-401-0, Length 392 pages (page 308)
  16. ^ Karl Augustus Menninger, Martin Mayman, Paul W. Pruyser, "A manual for psychiatric case study", Grune & Stratton, 1952, 355 pages (folio 332)
  17. ^ Susan Cressy, The dazzler therapy fact file, Edition 4, Publisher Heinemann, 2004, ISBN 0-435-45142-one, ISBN 978-0-435-45142-4. 469 pages (page 161)
  18. ^ Ann Gallant, Kathy Gillott, Jackie Howard, Principles and techniques for the dazzler specialist, Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 1993, ISBN 0-7487-1550-9, ISBN 978-0-7487-1550-3, 328 pages (folio 181)
  19. ^ Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and beauty therapy: a applied approach for NVQ level 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN 0-7487-9035-7, ISBN 978-0-7487-9035-7, 420 pages (page 138)
  20. ^ Lorraine Nordmann, Professional person Beauty Therapy: The Official Guide to Level 3, Publisher Cengage Learning EMEA, 2007, ISBN i-84480-696-0, ISBN 978-1-84480-696-vi, 650 pages (page 256)
  21. ^ Ann Gallant, Body treatments and dietetics for the beauty therapist, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 1978, ISBN 0-85950-401-8, ISBN 978-0-85950-401-0, Length 392 pages (page 310)
  22. ^ "Galvanic Cellulite Treatments", BABTAC, British Clan of Dazzler Therapy and Cosmetology website, retrieved 5 Nov 2011
  23. ^ Lorraine Nordmann, Professional Beauty Therapy: The Official Guide to Level 3, Publisher Cengage Learning EMEA, 2007, ISBN 1-84480-696-0, ISBN 978-i-84480-696-half dozen, 650 pages (page 247)
  24. ^ Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and beauty therapy: a practical approach for NVQ level 3, Edition iii, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN 0-7487-9035-vii, ISBN 978-0-7487-9035-seven, 420 pages (page 132)
  25. ^ Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Wellness and beauty therapy: a practical arroyo for NVQ level iii, Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN 0-7487-9035-7, ISBN 978-0-7487-9035-vii, 420 pages (page 132)
  26. ^ "How information technology Works: Electronic Musculus Stimulation Archived 2011-11-24 at the Wayback Automobile" at Slendertone website, retrieved xviii Nov 2011
  27. ^ "What Is Microcurrent Therapy?". NuFACE. NuFACE.
  28. ^ Nicholas Perricone, Forever Young: The Science of Nutrigenomics for Glowing, Wrinkle-Gratuitous Skin and Radiant Health at Every Age, Publisher Simon and Schuster, 2010, ISBN 1-4391-7734-1, ISBN 978-ane-4391-7734-1, 351 pages (page 111)
  29. ^ Susan Cressy, The beauty therapy fact file, Edition four, Publisher Heinemann, 2004, ISBN 0-435-45142-1, ISBN 978-0-435-45142-4, 469 pages (page 160)
  30. ^ a b Jeanine Connor, Sheila Godfrey, Gil Milsom, BTEC National Beauty Therapy Sciences, Publisher Heinemann, 2004, ISBN 0-435-46243-i, ISBN 978-0-435-46243-7, 381 pages (page 197)
  31. ^ Susan Cressy, The beauty therapy fact file, Edition 4, Publisher Heinemann, 2004, ISBN 0-435-45142-1, ISBN 978-0-435-45142-iv, Length 469 pages (page 153)
  32. ^ Jeanine Connor, Sheila Godfrey, Gil Milsom, BTEC National Dazzler Therapy Sciences, Publisher Heinemann, 2004, ISBN 0-435-46243-1, ISBN 978-0-435-46243-7, 381 pages (folio 238)
  33. ^ Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and dazzler therapy: a practical approach for NVQ level three Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN 0-7487-9035-7, ISBN 978-0-7487-9035-7, 420 pages. Affiliate 5. "Facial and Body Electrotherapy Treatments" (folio 132)
  34. ^ R.Southward. Khandpur, Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, 2nd Ed., Publisher Tata McGraw-Hill Educational activity, 2003, ISBN 0-07-047355-2, ISBN 978-0-07-047355-3, 944 pages (page 774)
  35. ^ Basanta Kumar Nanda, Electrotherapy Simplified, Publisher Jaypee Brothers Publishers (2008), ISBN 81-8448-261-2, ISBN 978-81-8448-261-4. 548 pages (page 101)
  36. ^ "Introduction, Facial Electrical Transmission, The Carlton Institute. 23 pages. (Page 21)
  37. ^ Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and dazzler therapy: a practical approach for NVQ level 3, Edition iii, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN 0-7487-9035-7, ISBN 978-0-7487-9035-7, 420 pages (folio 107)
  38. ^ a b c Lorraine Nordmann, Professional Dazzler Therapy: The Official Guide to Level 3, 4th Edition, Publisher Cengage Learning EMEA, 2010, ISBN ane-4080-1928-0 ISBN 9781408019283, 496 pages. Chapter 8: "Electrical treatments" (page 237)
  39. ^ F-903 Micro Current Auto User Guide, page 5 (online)
  40. ^ Lorraine Nordmann, Professional Beauty Therapy: The Official Guide to Level 3, 4th Edition, Publisher Cengage Learning EMEA, 2010, ISBN 1-4080-1928-0 ISBN 9781408019283, 496 pages. Chapter eight: "Electric treatments" (page 291)
  41. ^ Catherine M. Frangie, Arlene Alpert, Margrit Attenburg, Diane Carol Bailey, Milady's Standard Cosmetology, Publisher Cengage Learning, 2007, ISBN 1-4180-4935-2, ISBN 978-one-4180-4935-5, 897 pages (folio 585)
  42. ^ Duchenne GBA, Archives Génerales de Médicine, May 1851
  43. ^ "Medical News, Thursday, August 28th 1851", The Lancet, Volume ii, Publisher Elsevier, 1851 (folio 240)
  44. ^ Sheila Kitchen, Sarah Bazin, "Section F. Low Frequency Currents", Electrotherapy: testify-based practice, Volume 1, edition 11, Publisher Elsevier Health Sciences, 2002, ISBN 0-443-07216-7, ISBN 978-0-443-07216-1, 347 pages (folio 234)
  45. ^ Reference in quote to: Kloth LC, Cummings JP, Electrotherapeutic Terminology in Physical Therapy, 1991, Alexandria, VA: American Physical Therapy Association.
  46. ^ Sheila Kitchen, Sarah Bazin, "Section F. Low Frequency Currents", Electrotherapy: testify-based exercise, Volume 1, edition 11, Publisher Elsevier Wellness Sciences, 2002, ISBN 0-443-07216-7, ISBN 978-0-443-07216-1, 347 pages (page 242)
  47. ^ Encounter besides: Electrotherapeutic Terminology in Physical Therapy, 2000, American Physical Therapy Association, ISBN 978-i-887759-88-5, sixty pages

Bibliography [edit]

  • Lorraine Nordmann, Professional Beauty Therapy: The Official Guide to Level 3, 4th Edition, Publisher Cengage Learning EMEA, 2010, ISBN i-4080-1928-0 ISBN 9781408019283, 496 pages. Chapter 8: "Electrical treatments"
  • Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and dazzler therapy: a applied approach for NVQ level 3 Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN 0-7487-9035-vii, ISBN 978-0-7487-9035-7, 420 pages. Affiliate 5. "Facial and Body Electrotherapy Treatments"
  • John Depression, Ann Reed, Ann Reed (SRP.), Electrotherapy explained: principles and exercise, fourth Edition, Publisher Elsevier Health Sciences, 2000, ISBN 978-0-7506-8843-7. 564 pages.
  • Basanta Kumar Nanda, Electrotherapy Simplified, Publisher Jaypee Brothers Publishers (2008), ISBN 81-8448-261-ii, ISBN 978-81-8448-261-iv. 548 pages

External links [edit]

  • BABTAC, British Association of Dazzler Therapy and Cosmetology website: Galvanic Treatments | "Galvanic Cellulite Treatments"
  • Electrotherapy Museum website

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrotherapy_(cosmetic)

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